Polotsk hillfort

The Polotsk Hillfort is the oldest archaeological monument in Belarus, located in the city of Polotsk. It was on this high hill — over 13 meters tall and covering an area of about 2 hectares — that the history of the city began. The hillfort lies in a bend of the Polota River, near its confluence with the Western Dvina.

Archaeology and discoveries

The hillfort was first explored in 1928 by archaeologist A. N. Lyavdansky, who opened several trenches and pits, covering a total area of about 20.5 square meters.

In 2007, an archaeological team from Polotsk State University conducted large-scale excavations on the site. A 44-square-meter excavation area was opened, allowing researchers to study the stratigraphy of the cultural layer and collect a rich variety of archaeological material. Among the finds were hand-molded ceramics from different periods, ranging from the Dnieper-Dvina culture (7th century BC – 3rd century AD) to the long barrow era of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Remains of dwellings, fortifications, household items, weapons, and ornaments were discovered, indicating a high level of craftsmanship and trade in ancient Polotsk.

Interestingly, radiocarbon analysis conducted during the excavations confirmed that the hillfort was inhabited around the year 780, which supports an earlier founding date for Polotsk than that recorded in chronicles.

In 2009, archaeologist Marat Klimov discovered Arabic dirhams on the site, minted no later than 704, indicating Polotsk’s early trade connections with the East.

These findings confirm that the Polotsk Hillfort was a vital political and cultural center that played a key role in the history of the region.

Cultural and tourist significance

Today, the Polotsk Hillfort is an important attraction of the city and is part of the National Polotsk Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve. Visiting the site offers an immersion into the ancient history of the region and provides insight into its archaeological and cultural legacy. The hilltop offers picturesque views of the surroundings, making it a popular spot for tourists and history enthusiasts.​

Excursions to the Polotsk Hillfort

A visit to the Polotsk Hillfort is a great addition to sightseeing tours around ancient Polotsk — a city rich in historical and cultural heritage. The hillfort fits seamlessly into itineraries that include the Saint Sophia Cathedral, the Spaso-Euphrosyne Monastery, the Town Hall, and other iconic landmarks.

On our website, you can book an individual, corporate, or school tour including the Polotsk Hillfort. All tours are led by professional guides who will make your journey educational, engaging, and unforgettable.