The Settlement at river Menka

The Hillfort on the Menka River is one of the most important archaeological monuments in Belarus, considered a possible site of the origins of ancient Minsk. This Early Medieval landmark is located near the modern capital, preserving traces of one of the region’s earliest urban settlements.

Today, the Menka River is a small stream, but in the past, it may have played a crucial role in the life of the ancient settlement. According to research, the name "Menka" may derive from the word "men," meaning "small, shallow river." Despite its modest size, it was likely navigable with the help of a dam, allowing the ancient inhabitants to use it for transportation and trade. The Menka flows into the Ptich River, which then joins the Pripyat and the Dnieper, providing a route to the Black Sea.

The remains of earthen fortifications preserved at this site indicate that a fortified settlement once existed here. Archaeological discoveries, including pottery, household items, jewelry, and even hoards of silver coins, confirm that active economic and trade life thrived in this area.

History of the Settlement

During the Early Middle Ages, a fortified town was located on the site of the hillfort, playing a significant role in the political and economic life of the region. Such settlements, protected by powerful walls and ramparts, served as centers of power, housing princes or their governors, military forces, clergy, artisans, and merchants.

The first reports of archaeological finds at Menka appeared in the mid-19th century when local peasants began uncovering ancient artifacts in their fields, including tools, ceramic fragments, and jewelry. Subsequent excavations confirmed that an early feudal settlement existed here, comparable in size to major cities of the time. The total area of the hillfort and surrounding settlements is about 30 hectares, making it the largest known early medieval settlement in Belarus.

One of the most significant archaeological discoveries was the finding of three large hoards near the hillfort. Coins, jewelry, and other valuable items attest to the existence of an active trading center in the 10th – early 11th centuries. Historians believe that during this period, the settlement at Menka was an important trade and administrative hub.

It is thought that Minsk itself originated from this site. When it was first mentioned in chronicles in 1067, its exact location was not specified. However, researchers suggest that the early Minsk may have been situated on the Menka River, with its population later relocating closer to the modern city center, on the banks of the Svislach and Nyamiha Rivers.

Current State

Today, the hillfort on the Menka River is a historical and archaeological site still under study by researchers. The remains of earthen ramparts are preserved, proving the existence of once-powerful fortifications. This site is unique within Belarus, as no other early medieval settlements of similar size and preservation have been discovered.

In recent years, archaeologists have been actively exploring the site, uncovering new artifacts that confirm its importance in the formation of Belarusian lands. Pottery from the 10th–12th centuries, tools, and fragments of residential structures found during excavations provide valuable insights into the everyday life and culture of the ancient inhabitants.

Despite its historical significance, the hillfort has not yet been turned into a fully developed tourist attraction, but it remains an important site for researchers and history enthusiasts.

Excursions with a Tour of the Hillfort

The hillfort on the Menka River is part of excursions around Belarus dedicated to the history and archaeology of the Early Middle Ages. An excursion from Minsk to this monument offers a chance to immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the past and envision what the city that preceded modern Minsk was like.

During the excursion, visitors can see the preserved ramparts of the ancient fortification, learn about its history and significance in the formation of Belarusian lands. The guide will share details about archaeological discoveries, hoards found at the site, and the possible role of Menka in the history of Belarus' capital.

Visiting the hillfort as part of excursions focusing on medieval Belarusian history, trade routes of Ancient Rus, and early cities will be particularly interesting. You can book an excursion with a tour of the hillfort on the website ekskursii.by and dive into the mysterious world of medieval Belarus.